State-of-the-art and challenges of non-destructive techniques for in-situ radiological characterization of nuclear facilities to be dismantled

This paper reports on the state-of-the-art of main non-destructive assay (NDA) techniques usually used for in-situ radiological characterization nuclear facilities subject to a decommissioning programme. For sake clarity and coherence, they have been classified as environmental radiation monitoring, surface contamination measurements, gamma spectrometry, passive neutron counting cameras. Particular mention is also made here various challenges that each these must currently overcome, together with formulation some proposals potential evolution in future.